INTRODUCTION:

Today, invention of information and communication technology and the use of the Internet and especially the World Wide Web have revolutionized every area of real life. Presently, human has made dynamic changes in the lives of common people by creating digital environment. Information and Communication Technology is the updated version of the modern Technology, this means that any information can be obtained by humans through communication or technology using the Internet. Physical and mental development takes place in humans through information and communication technology. Today, information and communication technology has brought a revolution to meet the various needs of human beings. People's engagement through information communication has increased so much that human beings have started to get any information at any time are doing. Humans are receiving complete information about the country and abroad through communication, 24 hours a day, and seven days a week. Today, there has been a tremendous increase in the availability of information and communication technology in every subject. Every walk of life has been affected by the advancement in information and communication technology in India. The scope and impact of information and communication technology is increasing rapidly in the country and internet services are increasing rapidly.

Objective of Information and Communication Technology:

The psychological objective of information and communication technology is that humans can obtain information quickly in a short time through the Internet. Whose purpose is as follows:

·       To ensure online availability of good information and communication technology through private sector and State Institute of Educational Technology.

·       To use information communication technology tools to enhance curriculum and pedagogy for teaching and training.

·       To enable acquisition of information communication technology skills required for higher studies and gainful employment.

·       To provide effective, learning environment for physically and mentally challenged persons through information and communication technology.

·       To promote critical thinking and analytical skills in students by developing knowledge.

·       To promote the use of information and communication technology through audio-visual and satellite based tools for providing distance education and employment.

Psychological concept of information and communication technology: there are two types of ICT,

· Psychological concept of information and communication technology

· Theoretical concepts of information and communication psychology:

Information and communication is a broad phrase in psychology that includes many elements of how symbols, language, and behavior are used to communicate people's meanings, attitudes, and principles. It also includes examining how cognitive, emotional, and social aspects influence and continue to influence information communication technologies. Some topics related to the psychological concept of information communication technology are included.

·       Elements or stages of information and communication technology such as information absorption, interpretation and response.

·       The involvement of information and communication technologies in interpersonal relationships, including how we establish, create, maintain, and change our relationships through information and communication technologies.

·       The cognitive and emotional content of information and communication technologies, including how we receive, analyze and respond to messages, depends on our expectations, beliefs, attitudes and emotions.

·        Enhance Social settings of information and communication technologies, such as culture, norms, values and power.

Importance of Information and Communication Technology:

How mobility affects and shapes different groups and situations. Today it is important for humans to be aware of their own information communication style and how it affects others in order to develop information communication technology capabilities. By analyzing their cues and preferences, you can also learn to adjust your style to different situations and people. For example, when conversing with someone who is a visual learner, you might use more visual aids, and when conversing with someone in a higher position than you, you might use more formal language. If you use effective communication strategies, you can improve your personal and professional relationships and achieve your objectives more easily. The process of conveying information, thoughts, feelings and emotions through voice, signs, writing or behavior is known as communication. Communication is important for many reasons, including:

·       Information and communication technology helps in creating, maintaining and changing relationships. Through communication we can convey our needs, wants, preferences and feelings to others and understand their feelings. Communication also helps in solving problems, negotiating solutions and developing trust and rapport with others.

·       It helps in transmission and reception of information and communication technology. We can share our information, experiences, ideas and criticism with others and learn from them through communication. Communication helps clarify expectations, directions, and goals as well as avoid misunderstandings and errors.

·       Information and communication technology helps in persuading and influencing others. Through communication we can convey our ideas, evidence and viewpoints to others and persuade them to agree with us or take action. Communication also contributes to the formation of attitudes, believes and behavior of others.

·       We can improve our relationships, performance, productivity and well-being by enhancing our communication abilities. Some strategies for improving our communication capabilities include:

·       Active listening is being practiced. This includes paying attention to what people are saying, expressing interest and empathy, asking questions, and summarizing or paraphrasing what we've heard to ensure understanding.

·       Choosing the best medium of communication. This involves determining the optimal method of communication based on the goal, context, audience, and message. For example, verbal communication for difficult or sensitive topics, written communication for formal or detailed information, non-verbal communication to reinforce or express emotions, and visual communication to show or simplify information are all employed. Examples of effective communication.

·       To be brief and direct. This includes adopting straightforward language, eliminating jargon or ambiguity, organizing content logically, and emphasizing key topics or activities.

·       To be kind and respectful, this includes using nice and constructive language, avoiding insults or criticism, acknowledging other viewpoints or beliefs, and using appropriate tone and body language.

Types of Information and Communication Technology:

Information and communication is one of the basic needs of human life, in the absence of which man is incomplete. In our society, at some places humans convey messages as communicators, and at others they receive messages in the form of formats. In the communication process, the communicator tries to change the behavior of the audience by conveying stimuli in the form of verbal signals. Communication is not only verbal but it also includes all those actions which influence the receiver. In the communication process the message flows from the communicator to the receiver. Types of communication are classified based on the number of people involved in the process because humans behave in one way with individual people and in another way with a group or community depending on the number of people involved in the communication process, there are mainly four types of communication:- The process involves brainstorming the dreams of saints based on the number of people. Because humans treat two people as friends and a group community as another friend. There are four types depending on the number of people involved in the communication process:

1.     Interpersonal communication

2.     Intrapersonal communication

3.     Group communication, and

4.     Mass communication.

1.     Interpersonal Communication:

It is a psychological activity and personal reflection of human being. In this, the same person has to play the role of both communicator and receiver. Interpersonal communication can be in the form of human emotion, memory, thinking or confusion. The human brain has a direct connection with his other organs. The brain not only receives messages from other organs but also communicates the messages, like the message of injury to the leg is received by the brain and the message of healing is conveyed to the hand. Their features are as follows:

a.     Through this, man controls himself and prepares plans for his life.

b.     Human beings feel happiness and sorrow.

c.     Invents useful and necessary dimensions for his life.

d.     Controls heart and mind.

e.     Expresses feedback.

2.     Intrapersonal communication:

Interpersonal communication refers to the exchange of thoughts, feelings and information between two people. This happens face to face. For this, communication between two persons is very important. Interpersonal communication is a two-way process. It can be anywhere in the form of tone, sign, word, sound, music, picture, drama etc. In this the feedback is immediate and the best. As soon as the communicator starts speaking on a topic, feedback starts coming. Intrapersonal communication has the following characteristics:

a.     Feedback is given immediately and better.

b.     There is less possibility of obstruction.

c.      Direct contact and relationship is established between the communicator and the receiver.

d.     The communicator has ample opportunity to influence the receiver.

e.     The communicator and the receiver are close to each other physically and emotionally.

f.      In case of disagreement on any issue, the recipient gets a chance to intervene.

g.     The communicator already knows a lot about the receiver.

h.     There are many ways of sending messages such as language, words, facial reactions, body language, clapping hands, moving back and forth, shaking the head etc.

3.     Group communication:

It is an extension of interpersonal communication, which involves the complexity of relationships. To understand the process of group communication, it is necessary to know about the group. To know group communication it is essential to be familiar with the group. A human being is definitely a member of some group throughout his life.

1.     The number of recipients is fixed to everyone cooperates according to their wish and ability.

2.     Forms new groups with similar thoughts and feelings among the members to fulfill their needs. Being separated from groups, humans become isolated. Where personality develops in a group. Group communication has the following characteristics: There is exchange.

3.     There is closeness between the communicator and the receiver.

4.     Problems are solved through discussion.

5.     The purpose of communication is to develop a sense of responsibility among the members independently.

6.     Semester messages from the original archive of the problem are communicated

4.     Mass communication:

Mass communication is a very popular word in the modern era. Jansanchar is the Hindi version of the English language mass communication. The meaning of which is to deliver information to the dispersed public with the help of communication media. Such as newspaper, television, radio, cinema, cable, internet, web portal etc. are modern communication mediums. Mass communication means communicating with a large group of people. In other words, mass communication is the process by which messages presented in multiple forms are communicated through mass media to groups of people who are unaware of each other and of heterogeneous castes. Mass communication has the following characteristics:

1.     The message is equally open to all recipients.

2.     Message is communicated with the help of communication medium.

3.     There is a formal and systematic organization for communication.

4.     Public communication media are used to convey messages.

Principles of Information and Communication Technology:

1.     Classical Theory: These ideas are based on historical and philosophical traditions of communication, such as rhetoric, oratory, and persuasion. He is concerned with the function of communication in the formation of society, culture and politics. Totalitarian theory, which holds that only an elite few should control the state and the media, Communist theory, which is based on the Marxist ideology of class struggle and social change, and development communication theory, which advocates the use of communication to promote social and economic development, are some examples of classical theories.

2.     Behavioral Theories: Behavioral theories are based on scientific and empirical communication research methods such as experiments, surveys, and observations. They are concerned with how communication affects individual behavior, attitudes, and cognition. Information theory, which explains how information is transmitted and received through channels; Social learning theory, which explains how people learn by observing others; and uses and gratifications theory, which explains how people select and use media to satisfy their needs, are some examples of behavioral theories.

3.     Interpretative theories: These ideas are based on qualitative and humanistic communication research methods such as interviews, ethnography, and discourse analysis. They focus on the perceptions and meanings of communication across multiple contexts, cultures, and situations. Symbolic interactions which explains how people create and share meaning through symbols, social exchange theory, which explains how people communicate to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs, and structural functionalism, which explains how communication maintains the stability and order of social systems, are examples of explanatory theories.

4.     Critical Theory: These ideas are based on critical and standard methods of communication research such as ideology criticism, deconstruction and liberation. He is concerned with power dynamics and inequality in communication and society. Critical theories include analytical thought, which challenges dominant ideologies and structures that oppress marginalized groups, feminist theory, which highlights gender biases and stereotypes in communication, and postmodern theory which questions universal truths and grand narratives in communication.

CONCLUSION:

The conclusion behind the increasing use of information and communication technology has emerged that modern technology has become prevalent in the present times. Information and communication technology allows people to express themselves and satisfy their needs. We express our personality through communication, Can express creativity and emotions to others and feel recognized and loved. Communication also contributes to the fulfillment of our social, psychological and physical needs. Personal and professional success requires effective communication skills.

REFERENCES:

1. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Psychology_and_its_role_in_information_technology%20(1).pdf

2. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/psychological-notion-communication-ayush-singh-tzar-quetzalcoatl-

3. https://www.chanty.com/blog/communication-models/

Received on 06.04.2025 Revised on 24.04.2025

Accepted on 09.05.2025 Published on 02.06.2025

Available online from June 05, 2025

Res. J. of Humanities and Social Sciences. 2025;16(2):141-144.

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5828.2025.00025

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License.