Pattern of Crop Diversification in Haryana

 

Pinki¹*, Harsh Lekha², Sandeep Rana³

 

¹Asst. Professor in Geography, Gaur Brahman Degree College, Rohtak

²Asst. Professor in Geography, CRM, Jat College, Hissar

³Research Scholar, Jamia Milia Islamia University, Delhi

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Diversification in cropping pattern means raising a variety of crops involving intensity of competition amongst field crops for arable land: greater is the dominance of some crops in an area unit, lesser is the crop diversification and vice-versa. In case of monoculture or crop specialization the ultra simple cropping system the competition for cropped land occupancy is weak. The choice of a cropping system is dependent primarily on physical variables and secondary on size of operational land holding, marketing and transportation facilities, capital price policy of government and tech no. organizational factors. A study of spatial patterns of crop diversification is vital importance in understanding the contemporary competition amongst crops for area. Intensive and Judicious crop rotation for maintenance of soil fecundity and effect on productivity (Singh Ram, 2006). Crop diversification has attracted the attention of geographers from the very beginning of the discipline as an independent branch of agricultural geography. The problem of diversification has been studied by many geographer and the main advantage of the study of crop diversification is that it provides a relationship between the relative a real strength of crops grown in the region. The study for patterns of crop diversification in a state like Haryana becomes more relevant where more than 82% of the total population are engaged primarily in agriculture directly or indirectly. Therefore, the study is undertaken to see the recent regional variations in diversification in the exiting cropping pattern.

 

Study Area:

Haryana is a small state of India, It cover only 1.4 percent of total geographical Area of India.  When Haryana came into existence in Nov. 1966, it was relatively backward area of former well developed state of Punjab with the Passage of time Haryana made rapid progress in the field of agriculture since its creation and it has achieved a prestigious position among

 

the other agriculturally advanced states of the India. There are two main cropping season in Haryana Kharib and Rabi, Kharif Crops are soon in the month of may and June and harvested crops are Rice, Cotton, Jawar, Bajra, Maize etc. Rabi crops are sown in October and November and harvested in the month of March and April wheat, gram, mustard, barley are the main crops of this season. At the time of existence, Cropping pattern of Haryana mainly dominant by coarse cereals like Jower, Bajra, gram. with the introduction of HYV technology, expansion of irrigation facilities, increase in the use of chemical fertilizer, cropping pattern has changed.

 

 

In the 1966-67, total cropped are in Haryana was 4599 thousand hectares, which increased to 6510 thousand hectares in 2009-10. Area under food grain was 3520 thousand hectares in 1966-67. It increased 4540 thousand hectares in 2009-10. The percentage share of area under food grains, it staying between the ranges of 65 to 78 percent during the entire period.

 

Objective:

·        The main objective of the present study is to bring out spatial variation of crop diversification.

·        To find out the cropping pattern.

 

Methodology and Data base:

In the present paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the scenario of agricultural crop diversification in Haryana. The required data for the year 2007-2010 have been obtained from the statistical Abstract of Haryana. Crop Verities, like cereals, Pulses, oilseeds and Cash crops have been considered for measuring crop diversification.

 

After making the average of three year, the area under each crop in the districts was expressed as the percentage of total cropped area. The indices of crop diversification for all districts of the state were calculating by using Bhatia's (1965) formula in a modified from (Singh, 1976) as given below.

 

Index of Crop diversification =

 

Where 'n' crops are those which individually occupy 5 percent or more of the total cropped area in a district. Thus, after calculating the indices of crop diversification district-wise all districts were grouped into three categories based on degree of crop diversification, keeping in view the extreme values of index of crop diversification and tabled there after. The degree of crop diversification will be high as the index value of diversification is low and vice-versa.

 

 

TABLE- 1: District-Wise Index of Crop Diversification In Haryana (2007-2010 Average)

Sr. No.	Name of District	No. of Crops	Sum of Cropped Area	Diversification
1.	Ambala	3	86.02	28.67
2.	Panchkula	4	69.25	17.31
3.	Yamunanagar	3	85.95	28.65
4.	Kurukshetra	2	84.31	42.15
5.	Kaithal	2	86.15	43.07
6.	Karnal	2	87.24	43.62
7.	Panipat	2	86.65	43.32
8.	Sonipat	2	78.25	39.12
9.	Rohtak	5	82.86	16.57
10.	Jhajjar	5	93.3	18.6
11.	Faridabad	2	62.94	31.47
12.	Palwal	2	65.74	32.87
13.	Gurgaon	3	85.29	28.43
14.	Mewat	4	78.51	19.63
15.	Rewari	3	89.33	29.78
16.	M/Garh	3	86.33	28.85
17.	Bhiwani	4	86.55	18.13
18.	Jind	4	72.53	22.28
19.	Hisar	5	89.13	15.86
20.	Fatehabad	3	79.31	28.85
21.	Sirsa	4	86.56	20.02
	Haryana State	5	81.48	16.29

5 percent or more of the total cropped area occupied in a district

 

 

 

TABLE- 2: Levels of Crop Diversification in Haryana

Index of Diversification	District	No. of Crops	Different Crops Grown	Degree of Diversification
Less than 25	Hisar	5		High
	Rohtak	5
	Bhiwani	4	Rice, Wheat
	Jhajjar	5	Mustard, Jawar,
	Panchkula	4	Bajra, Cotton
	Mewat	4
	Sirsa	4
25 to 35	Jind	4		Medium
	Gurgaon	3	Rice, Wheat
	Yamunanagar	3	Mustard, Cotton
	Ambala	3	Jawar, Bajra
	Fatehabad	3	Sugercane
	M/Garh	3
	Rewari	3
	Faridabad	2
	Palwal	2
Above 35	Sonipat	2		low
	Kurukshetra	2
	Kaithal	2	Rice, Wheat
	Panipat	2
	Karnal	2

 

 

 

SPATIAL PATTERN OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION:

District-wise number of crops, sum of cropped area of those crop which individually occupied 5 percent or more of the total cropped area in a district and index of crop diversification have been presented in table 1. The highest degree of crop diversification was found in Hisar district with 15.86 index of crop diversification and lowest in Karnal district with 43.62 index of crop diversification.

 

On the basis of diversification in cropping pattern the districts of Haryana have been divided in three groups (Table 2)

I          Districts of High Diversification

II        Districts of Medium Diversification

III       District of Low Diversification

 

 

High Crop Diversification:

Table No. 2 explains that districts wise variation of crop diversification and this variation notified in south-western mid part of the state. The important crops during study period in these district are Rice, Wheat, Jawar, Bajra, Mustard and Cotton.

 

The important Crop grown are wheat (35.73) Cotton (19.54), Bajra (8.44) Mustard (8.29) in Hisar district followed by wheat (45.15%), Rice (16.07) Bajra (8.86) Jawar (6.78) and Mustard (6% in Rohtak District and Bajra (37.45) wheat (20.9%) Mustard (18.9) and gram (a.16) in Bhiwani District. The important crops grown are wheat (41.42%) Mustard (14.53%), Rice (12.74%), Bajra (12.40%) and gram (12.21%) in Jhajjar District, Punchkula is located in Northern part of Haryana and major Crops are Rice, Wheat, Jawar, and Mustard, Jawar, Bajra, wheat and Mustard are  important crops in Mewat, and Wheat, Rice, Mustard and Cotton are important in Sirsa District     (Table- 3)

 

 

MEDIUM CROP DIVERSIFICATION:

There are nine districts namely Jind, Gurgaon, Yamunanagar, Ambala, Fetehabad, M/Garh, Rewari, Faridabad and Palwal which fall under the category of Medium crop diversification (The index value ranging from 22.28 to 32.87) Ambala and Y/nagar are located in northern part of Haryana and Rice, wheat, and Sugercane are the important crops in these two districts. Most of the Districts having medium crop diversification are located in Southern part of Haryana and wheat, Bajra, Mustard, and cotton are important crop in these districts. In Jind districts, Rice, Wheat, Bajra and Cotton are important Crop and wheat mustard cotton and rice in Fatehabad district.

 

 

TABLE -3: Area under Major Crops in Haryana

5 percent or more of the total croped area occupied in a district.

 

 

 

 

Area of Low crop diversification:

During study period five districts namely Sonipat, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Panipat and Karnal fall under the category of low Diversification of crops. The index value range from 39.12 to 43.62 and the important crops grown in these five districts are Rice and Wheat.

 

Conclusion:

From the spatial Analysis of Crop statistics for ascertaining crop diversification, it may be concluded that the high crop diversification was concentration central and western part of Haryana Medium crop diversification in North and South part of the state. Eastern part of state having Low crop diversification. The districts those are having specialization of two food grain crops in cropping system may lead to soil exhaustion and agricultural disaster resulting in a great reduction in the yield per unit area., So these districts are required  immediately more attention for leading to a high degree of crop diversification.

 

ReferenceS:

1.       Sing, Ram (2006), "Patterns of Crop diversification in Haryana" Geographical Review of India, Vol. 68 No. 1., p. 59-63.

2.       Hurabadli, S.M. (2006), "Spatio-Temporal Variation of Crop Diversification in Belgaum District, Karnataka," Geographical Review of  India. Vol. 68, No. 1, p. 72-80.

3.       Singh Surender (2011), "Cropping Pattern Trends in Haryana", RMS Journal of Management & IT.

4.       Singh, Jhujar (1979), "Spatial-Temporal analysis of Crop diversification in Punjab", The Indian Geographical Journal Vol. 54,  No. 2., pp. 65

5.       Statistical Abstract of Haryana, Government of Haryana (2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10).