Economic Study of Uperwara Village. Social Infrastructure: Health, Housing and Education

Amita Bais

Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur (C.G.)

ABSTRACT:

This project help us to deal with the state of social infrastructure mainly health, education and housing in the village of Uperwara which is in the tehsil name Abhanpur of Chhattisgarh state. It helps us understand the social infrastructure mainly health, education and housing in Uperwara, the main emphasis is to come across the condition of social infrastructure in the village of Uperwara, to analyse the data collected, to ascertain relationship between the different variables of research, to put in front the implication by the way of policies made by the government and by the villagers to get better the state.

INTRODUCTION:

The Social Infrastructure means the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function. The term typically refers to the technical structures that support a society, such as roads, water supply, sewers, electrical grids, and telecommunication. It also includes the housing facility, health care and the education system. It includes the management of these services too.

The Social Infrastructure in India includes the education system, health care, the management of the education and health services that form the basic social infrastructure definition. The India government looks after the social development in India by careful infrastructure planning and handling the social issues in close coordination.

Social infrastructure is an extremely important criterion to measure a country’s development. India’s development is incomplete without social development and that would require focus on the infrastructure strategy for social research India. The infrastructure policy of India needs to be made more comprehensive with major changes in the infrastructure projects taken up in the past and more research behind the project infrastructure so as to yield maximum developmental results.

Therefore for any kind of progress in India it is very important to have the proper social infrastructure. Only a proper infrastructure can facilitate and accelerate the wheels of growth.

The basic problem that Indian villages are facing today is the lack of social infrastructure. Thus in this project main emphasis is given to study the condition of social infrastructure in the Village of Uperwara.

Extensive Survey of the Literature

Once the problem is formulated, a brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis to write a synopsis of the topic and submit it to necessary committee or the research board for approval.

Abstracting and indexing journals and published or unpublished bibliographies are the first place to go. Academic journals, conference proceedings, government reports, books etc. must be tapped depending on the nature of the problem. One source leads to another. A good library also helps.

The governmental reports and journal articles are used by the researcher as a tool of literature to form the synopsis and working hypothesis.

Data Collection

The task of data collection begins after a research problem had been defined and research design chalked out. There are two types of data:

· Primary data

The data which are collected afresh for the first time, and thus happen to be original in nature; and

· Secondary data

On the other hand are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through statistical process.

In this project, data has been collected by Interview Method, as the personal interview of the people of the Uperwara village has been done.

It requires a person known as the interviewer asking questions generally in a face to face contact to another person or persons. This is a form of direct personal investigation.

This was a Structured Interview which involves the use of a set of preprepared questions and of highly identical techniques of recording. It also had an element of unstructured interview pattern to give the investigator the needed flexibility in asking questions to the interviewee.

Data Collection and Analysis of Data:-

About Uperwara

Uperwara is a village in the Abhanpur district of Chhattisgarh state. According to the Chhattisgarh census survey it is the most populated village of this district. It has a population of approximately 3500 people and currently there are 12 governmental schemes operating in this area.

A few of them are:

ü The pension yojana,

ü The parivar sahita yojana,

ü The national rural employement guarantee scheme,

ü The Swarojgar Yojana,

ü The Mid day meal scheme, the right to education scheme,

ü The Sarva shiksha abhiyaan etc.

The agriculture activity is the main occupation in this area, followed by manual labour. There has been an increase in the manual labour work owing to the buying of the farmer’s land by Chhattisgarh government to build New Raipur.

THE STATUS OF EDUCATION:-

No. of Higher Secondary schools	One
No. of High schools	One
No. of Middle schools	One
No. of Primary schools	Four

SURVEY TAKEN:-

Primary School I
Total no. of students : 124
No. of boys	No. of girls
65	59
Total no. of teachers in the primary school :- 5 Student enrollment percentage : 97% Student dropout percentage : less than 2%

From the above table conclusion drawn is that both the girls and boys go to the school. According to the principle of the school, girls earlier did not attend school. But with due efforts by the teachers of these schools there is now an equal participation of both boys and girls.

Government schemes:-

· Mid day meal scheme (rice, dal, vegetable, pickle)

· Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan

· Right to education (siksha ka adhikaar)

Medium of instruction (language)

· Hindi

· Chhattisgarhi

Health:

· General check-ups done yearly

· Vaccination of BDT, Titness etc.

Condition of the teachers

No. of teachers	5
Salary of head teacher	Rs.20,000 per month
Salary of temporary teachers	Rs.6,500 per month

HEALTH SECTOR:-

In the Uperwara village of the Abhanpur district of Chhattisgarh there is only a government hospital as we see with regards to the health sector. A new private hospital has also been set up.Of the sample of 20 people interviewed, the following are the results:

No. of people who get proper regular medical check-ups done	2 out of 20
No. of people who just get a blood test done	3 out of 20
No. of people who agree that minimal basic medicines are available in the village	10 out of 20
No. of people who visit the city to buy specific medicines	7 out of 20
No. of people who have got their kids vaccinated	8 out of 20

Types of common diseases in the village:-

1. Common Cold

2. Malaria

3. Typhoid

4. Cough

HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE:

According to the data collected by the survey in the Uperwara village, the information collected about the housing infrastructure is that the population in Uperwara has been divided into two parts:-

1. Lower working class

2. Higher working

On the basis of the sample of people interviewed, the following observations can be tabulated:

No. of people who have proper brick houses	8 out of 20
No. of people who have mud , tin houses	12 out of 20

Prospect from the Government:-

All the people interviewed for the purpose of this survey agreed that they are unhappy with the governmental efforts towards improving the standard of life in the village of Uperwara. People there were not satisfied by the aid given by the government in the areas like Education, Employment, Agriculture and Health.

CONCLUSION:

The lifestyle of the people of Uperwara village is definitely better than a lot of other villages in the state as concluded by the result after the survey done in the village. There is rare electricity problem, it is well connected by roads, there are sufficient water resources, a government hospital is nearby and has abundant schools. The policies and the schemes which are applied by the government in the village of Uperwara are working upto the result for which they are applied. Almost all the children including both boys and girls in Uperwara are sent to school and also their parents understand the importance of education there. People of the Uperwara village have expressed disapproval above the insufficient compensation they were paid for the lands bought by the Government and this is the main reason for most of them losing their self employed source of livelihood i.e. farming. People there also expect far more betterment in the field of employment and education. The only condition in Uperwara which is uncomforting people to live happily an peacefully is about the unfairness in the distribution of wealth in the village. Some residents are rich while the others live in abject poverty.

REFERENCE:

· INDIAN ECONOMY, 61^st Edition, 2010. Ruddar Datt And K P M Sundharam, S CHAND Publications.

Received on 12.02.2012

Revised on 25.02.2012

Accepted on 22.03.2012